Collection indications and general recommendations for bones and teeth samples
| Origin context |
Necropolis and isolate contextualized samples |
| Samples of which bones and teeth? |
Anterior or posterior extremity bones are preferred
Permanents dentition with a knowing origin context is preferred
|
| Washed bones? |
It is fundamental that the bones are not washed and nor excessively touched with hands |
| How much amount of sample? |
For proteins analyses is required almost 5 gr. of osseous material
For complementary lipid analyses is required almost 5 additional grams
|
| Sampling protocol |
It is necessary to accord with your link technician of Arqueoline the sampling protocol or the sending of available samples, according to ensemble conditions |
| Other requests |
For certain analyses it is necessary that the materials do not come from burned contexts
It is necessary to provide control samples of the inside and outside soils in contact with the analyze remains
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample |
| Collection conditions |
Collect quickly and manipulate the sample the less possible
Air dry samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper
|
| Deposit conditions |
For the deposit and his transport is recommended to pack the samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper before keeping in a label plastic bag |
| Transport conditions |
It is important the samples to be dry before transport |
| Techniques to apply |
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry in graphite chamber or in flame |
| Results to obtain |
Paleodiets determination with the measure of Ca, Sr, Zn and presence detection of Pb |
Collection indications and general recommendations for Archaeobotany samples (Charcoal analyses and Carpology)
| Origin context |
1. concentrations: ovens, pit hole, silo, hearths, etc
2. dispersal in the sediment |
| Washed samples? |
The sediment is sieved by water flotation (0.5 i 0.2 mm carpology and anthracology, and for carpology 0.05mm) |
| How much amount of sample? |
If it is an accumulation the whole assemblageestratigràfica.
If it is sediment 20 litres per stratigraphic unit
If there are single charcoals 250 per stratigraphic unit is the ideal sample |
| Sampling protocol |
It is necessary to accord with your link technician of Arqueoline the sampling protocol or the sending of available samples, according to ensemble conditions |
| Other requests |
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample |
| Collection conditions |
Air-dry plastic bags for the sieved sedimen
Silver paper for the single charcoals
|
| Deposit conditions |
For the deposit and his transport is recommended to pack the samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper before keeping in a label plastic bag |
| Transport conditions |
It is necessary to dry samples before the transport |
| Techniques to apply |
Carpological and Charcoal analysis |
| Results to obtain |
Vegetal landscape of the studied period, climate deduction, forest and agricultural potential resources, stock-breeder aspects, and archeological level characterization
|
| Works to realize |
- Sediment sieving (if they are not sieving samples or hand picked charcoals)
- Sort of the sediment
- Taxonomical determination by microscopy or binocular lens
- Photos of the materials
- Statistics.
- Graphic representation
- Repport copies on paper and CD
|
Collection indications and general recommendations for Archaeobotany samples (Palinology and Phytoliths)
| Origin context |
Sediments picked from stratigraphic units or during the excavation; samples from recipients, mecanic or manuals sampling; stalagmites, calcarius breccia; bricks and blocks; samples from forensic analysis, etc |
| Washed samples? |
Although it is not essential is preferable that the materials are not washed and nor excessively touched with hands |
| How much amount of sample? |
50 gr. of sediment (without gravels) for each sample
500 gr. to 1 kg for the stalagmites and calcarius breccia
In another kind of sample,the available quantity
|
| Sampling protocol |
Always is better that an specialised technician pick up the samples, but if it is no possible read: Buxó, R. & Piqué, R. (eds.): La recogida de muestras en arqueobotànica: objetivos y propuestas metodológicas: 11-18. Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya, Barcelona, 73 pp. (ISBN: 84-393-6369-9; B.52523-2003) |
| Other requests |
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample |
| Collection conditions |
It is very important to avoid contamination with other sediments or the present pollen rain. Take the sample quickly and closed inmediatly the plastic bag or recipient, and use the sampling protocol instructions
|
| Collection conditions |
To keep the bag closed and hermetic to avoid the contamination
It is better to avoid the long exposition to the light to avoid the growth of seaweeds
|
| Transport conditions |
To send all the samples into the bags or recipients well closed |
| Techniques to apply |
Palynological and palynofacies analysis |
| Results to obtain |
Paleovegetable and palynofacies restitution.
Knowledge through the Palynofacies analyses of the vegetal landscape of the studied period, climate deduction, forest and agricultural potential resources, stock-breeder aspects, and archaeological levels characterization (correlation, archaeostratigraphy, deposits genesis features, etc.)
Knowledge of potential contents of: a recipient, the buildings materials (bricks and blocks), the forensic samples (commun pits, criminology, etc.)
|
| Works to realize |
Samples preparation: physic-chemical treatments in adequate laboratories
Volumetric measure of the residue
Assembly biological microscopy preparation
Determination and recount under optical microscope
Statistical calculation (relatives and absolutes frequencies, clusters analyses, correspondences analyses, etc.), depending of the results and the materials
Inform elaboration, in CD and original.
|
Collection indications and general recommendations for rock and mineral samples
| Origin context |
Recent excavations
Museums or public exposition pieces
|
| What are archaeological samples of rock or mineral? |
All those none transformed minerals or rocks objects or fragments, which have or not modifications |
| Which rock samples? |
Lithic industry pieces, sculpture fragments, building materials. |
| Samples washed? |
Although it is not essential is preferable that the materials are not washed and nor excessively touched with hands |
| How much amount of sample? |
It is recommended a 5 gr. fragment
The minimum acceptable size is on the order of 1 gr.
|
| Sampling protocol |
It is necessary to accord with your link technician of Arqueoline the sampling protocol or the sending of available samples, according to ensemble conditions |
| Other requests |
It is preferable that the materials do not come from burned contexts.
It is necessary to provide control samples of the inside and outside soils in contact with the analyze remains
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample |
| Collection conditions |
Cal assecar les mostres a l’aire en paper
d’alumini o paper lliure d’àcid.
Recollir ràpidament i manipular la mostra el
menys possible.
|
| Collection conditions |
Collect quickly and manipulate the sample the less possible
Air-dry samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper |
| Transport conditions |
For the deposit and his transport is recommended to pack the samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper before keeping in a label plastic bag |
| Techniques to apply |
X-ray diffraction
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Microanalysis by Electron Probe attached
|
| Results to obtain |
Mineralogical characterization
Chemical materials composition
|
Collection indications and general recommendations for potteries samples
| Origin context |
Recent excavations
Museums or public exposition pieces
|
| What pottery samples? |
It is preferable potteries bases or determinable structures although any section of a receptacle that had contain liquids or solids it is suitable for the analysis |
| Washed potteries? |
Although it is not essential is preferable that the materials are not washed and nor excessively touched with hands |
| How much amount of sample? |
2 gr. with 3-4 cm² of sample area
One pottery fragment with 1 cm² of sample area it is the minimum acceptable size
For proteins analyses is require 5 pottery grams
For complementary lipids analyses is required almost 5 additional grams
|
| Sampling protocol |
It is necessary to accord with your link technician of Arqueoline the sampling protocol or the sending of available samples, according to ensemble conditions. |
| Other requests |
It is preferable that the materials do not come from burned contexts.
It is necessary to provide control samples of the inside and outside soils in contact with the analyze remains.
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample. |
| Collection conditions |
Collect quickly and manipulate the sample the less possible.
Air-dry samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper |
| Collection conditions |
For the deposit and his transport is recommended to pack the samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper before keeping in a label plastic bag |
|
Transport conditions |
It is important the samples to be dry before transport |
|
Techniques to apply |
GC/MS (Gases Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry) or HPLC/MS (Liquid Chromatography of high resolution and Mass Spectrometry)
X-ray Diffraction |
| Results to obtain |
Determination of present organic materials at proteins and lipids level that allows a functional determination
Mineralogical characterization of potteries remains
|
Collection indications and general recommendations for metal samples and relates materials
|
Origin context |
Recent excavations
Museums or public exposition pieces
|
| What metal samples? |
Metal objects: buckles, axes,….
Slag metal fuse
|
| Washed metals? |
Although it is not essential is preferable that the materials are not washed and nor excessively touched with hands. |
| How much amount of sample? |
It is recommended a 5 gr. fragment
The minimum acceptable size is on the order of 1 gr.
|
| Sampling protocol |
It is necessary to accord with your link technician of Arqueoline the sampling protocol or the sending of available samples, according to ensemble conditions |
| Other requests |
It is preferable that the materials do not come from burned contexts
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample
|
| Collection conditions |
Collect quickly and manipulate the sample the less possible
Air-dry samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper
|
| Collection conditions |
For the deposit and his transport is recommended to pack the samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper before keeping in a label plastic bag |
| Transport conditions |
It is important the samples to be dry before transport |
| Techniques to apply |
X-ray diffraction
Microanalysis by Electron Probe attached to Scanning Electron Microscope
|
| Results to obtain |
Determination of salts alteration and corrosion products of metal objects |
Collection indications and general recommendations for glass samples and relates materials
| Origin context |
Recent excavations
Museums or public exposition pieces |
| What are glass samples? |
Objects fragments and/or glass surfaces |
| What glass samples? |
Receptacles and/or glass surfaces |
| Washed glasses? |
For inorganic analyses it is not essential but for organic analyses is preferable that the materials are not washed and nor excessively touched with hands |
| How much amount of sample? |
It is recommended a 5 gr. fragment
The minimum acceptable size is on the order of 1 gr |
| Sampling protocol |
It is necessary to accord with your link technician of Arqueoline the sampling protocol or the sending of available samples, according to ensemble conditions |
| Other requests |
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample. |
| Collection conditions |
Collect quickly and manipulate the sample the less possible
Air dry samples in aluminium paper or free acid paper |
| Deposit conditions |
For the deposit and his transport is recommended to pack the samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper before keeping in a label plastic bag |
| Transport conditions |
It is important the samples to be dry before transport |
| Techniques to apply |
GC/MS (Gases Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry) or HPLC/MS (Liquid Chromatography of high resolution and Mass Spectrometry)
Microanalysis by Electron Probe attached to Scanning Electron Microscope |
| Resultat a obtenir |
Presence organic materials determination that allow a functional characterization
Chemical analysis (melting and frosted material, colourings,.)
Characterization of the crystalline phases in the glassy mass. Determination of the techniques fabrication
|
Collection indications and general recommendations for resins samples, vegetables extracts and relates materials
| Origin context |
Recent excavations and/or museums or public exposition pieces |
| What are resins and vegetables extracts samples? |
Substances of plant origin that often are conserved in some archaeological objects that had different functions |
| In which materials is found these substances? |
Stone: In lithic industry for objects handles
Pottery: In the pottery walls for the case of waterproofs. Are preferable potteries bases or determinable structures because the experimental studies indicate that the concentration of proteins and lipids is major in those receptacles parts
Wood: In beams or wood plates like waterproofs
|
| Washed objects extraction? |
Although it is not essential is preferable that the materials are not washed and nor excessively touched with hands |
| How much amount of sample? |
At least 5 gr. with clear evidences of conserved residues |
| Sampling protocol |
It is necessary to accord with your link technician of Arqueoline the sampling protocol or the sending of available samples, according to ensemble conditions |
|
Other requests |
It is preferable that the materials do not come from burned contexts
It is necessary to provide control samples of the inside and outside soils in contact with the analyze remains
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample
|
| Collection conditions |
To pick up the samples we must do it with clean instrumental and keep it in glass test tubes or in aluminium foil envelopes with label
To clean the sampling instrumental we have to do it with distil or running water every time that we pick up a sample with this instrument
Collect quickly and manipulate the sample the less possible
Air-dry samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper
|
| Collection conditions |
For the deposit and his transport is recommended to pack the samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper before keeping in a label plastic bag |
| Transport conditions |
It is important the samples to be dry before transport |
| Techniques to apply |
GC/MS (Gases Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry) or HPLC/MS (Liquid Chromatography of high resolution and Mass Spectrometry) |
| Resultat a obtenir |
Determination of present organic materials that allows a functional characterization |
Collection indications and general recommendations for paint pigments samples and relates materials
| Origin context |
Recent excavations
Museums or public exposition pieces |
| What are paint pigments samples? |
Any pigments with a stick agglutinant to a surface for colour |
| What paint pigments samples? |
Pottery fragment, sculpture fragment, decorate wall… |
| Washed supports? |
Although it is not essential is preferable that the materials are not washed and nor excessively touched with hands |
| How much amount of sample? |
20mg. with a 2mm˛ of sample area |
| Sampling protocol |
It is necessary to accord with your link technician of Arqueoline the sampling protocol or the sending of available samples, according to ensemble conditions |
| Other requests |
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample |
| Collection conditions |
To pick up the samples we must do it with clean instrumental and keep it in glass test tubes or in aluminium foil envelopes with label
To clean the sampling instrumental we have to do it with distil or running water every time that we pick up a sample with this instrument
Collect quickly and manipulate the sample the less possible
Air-dry samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper
|
| Deposit conditions |
For the deposit and his transport is recommended to pack the samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper before keeping in a label plastic bag |
| Transport conditions |
Transport conditions It is important the samples to be dry before transport |
| Techniques to apply |
GC/MS (Gases Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry) or HPLC/MS (Liquid Chromatography of high resolution and Mass Spectrometry) |
| Results to obtain |
Organic and inorganic characterization of pigments |
Collection indications and general recommendations for textiles samples and derivatives
|
Origin context |
Recent excavations
Museums or public exposition pieces |
| What are textiles samples and derivatives? |
Any manufacture material, dyed and sewing tack in an artificial way, including leathers and derivatives |
| What textiles samples and derivatives? |
Thread fragments, cloth, leather or process leather |
| Washed samples? |
Although it is not essential is preferable that the materials are not washed and nor excessively touched with hands |
| How much amount of sample? |
20 mg. with a 2 mm² of sample area
|
| Sampling protocol |
It is necessary to accord with your link technician of Arqueoline the sampling protocol or the sending of available samples, according to ensemble conditions |
| Other requests |
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample |
| Collection conditions |
To pick up the samples we must do it with clean instrumental and keep it in glass test tubes or in aluminium foil envelopes with label
To clean the sampling instrumental we have to do it with distil or running water every time that we pick up a sample with this instrument
Collect quickly and manipulate the sample the less possibleAir dry samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper |
| Deposit conditions |
For the deposit and his transport is recommended to pack the samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper before keeping in a label plastic bag |
| Transport conditions |
It is important the samples to be dry before transport |
| Works to realize |
Samples preparation
An Instrumental analyses EAA
Hour of Superior Grade technician
Redaction and inform in CD |
| Techniques to apply |
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
|
| Results to obtain |
Determination the trace elements that constitute the material.
|
Collection indications and general recommendations for soils and living floors samples
| Origin context |
Recent excavations |
| What soils samples and which habitat structures? |
Samples coming from stratigraphic levels with or without anthropic activity |
| Type of sample |
Loose sediment from rooms areas, combustion structures (firesides or furnaces) or from the inside or the adjacent environment to others materials like walls or potteries |
| Sampling protocol |
It is necessary to accord with your link technician of Arqueoline the sampling protocol or the sending of available samples, according to ensemble conditions |
| Washed samples? |
Although it is not essential is preferable that the materials are not washed and nor excessively touched with hands |
| How much samples quantity? |
50gr. of analyze material and 50 gr. of control sample |
| Other requests |
It is necessary to provide control samples of the inside and outside soils in contact with the analyze remains
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample
|
| Collection conditions |
To pick up the samples we must do it with clean instrumental and keep it in glass test tubes or in aluminium foil envelopes with label
To clean the sampling instrumental we have to do it with distil or running water every time that we pick up a sample with this instrument
Collect quickly and manipulate the sample the less possible
Air-dry samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper
|
| Deposit conditions |
For the deposit and his transport is recommended to pack the samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper before keeping in a label plastic bag |
| Transport conditions |
It is important the samples to be dry before transport |
| Techniques to apply |
GC/MS (Gases Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry) or HPLC/MS (Liquid Chromatography of high resolution and Mass Spectrometry) |
Results to obtain |
Determination of present organic materials that allows a functional characterization
|
Collection indications and general recommendations for building materials samples
| Origin context |
Recent excavations
Museums or public exposition pieces |
| What samples and which constructive materials? |
Relate materials with constructive activities |
| Type of sample |
Mortars, plaster, concrete |
| Sampling protocol |
It is necessary to accord with your link technician of Arqueoline the sampling protocol or the sending of available samples, according to ensemble conditions |
| Samples of washed materials? |
Although it is not essential is preferable that the materials are not washed and nor excessively touched with hands |
| How much samples quantity? |
50gr. of analyze material and 50 gr. of control sample |
| Other requests |
It is preferable that the materials do not come from burned contexts
It is necessary to provide control samples of the inside and outside soils in contact with the analyze remains
For evaluate the contexts are useful the generals informations about the origin of the sample
|
| Collection conditions |
To pick up the samples we must do it with clean instrumental and keep it in glass test tubes or in aluminium paper envelopes with label
To clean the sampling instrumental we have to do it with distil or running water every time that we pick up a sample with this instrument
Air-dry samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper
|
| Collection conditions |
For the deposit and his transport is recommended to pack the samples in aluminium foil or free acid paper before keeping in a label plastic bag |
| Transport conditions |
It is important the samples to be dry before transport |
| Techniques to apply |
GC/MS (Gases Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry) or HPLC/MS (Liquid Chromatography of high resolution and Mass Spectrometry)
X-ray diffraction
|
| Results to obtain |
Determination of present organic materials that allows knowing the building materials composition.
Mineralogical characterization of the constructive materials.
|
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