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ANALYSIS MAIN DISCIPLINES

Zooarchaeology and Taphonomy

The integration of the Zooarchaeology and Taphonomy every day results more evidence and necessary to tackle the different problems of the archaeological record. This two disciplines, together, analyzes the animals use by the humans being and the interaction of this factor, that conditioner the fauna representation, with the rest of agents –biological and geological- that had participate in the formation of the archaeological sites.

Zooarchaeology

The Zooarchaeology take charge of the analyses of fauna groups and determine the use that human being take of the animals resources existents in the environment that they live in. From the comparative anatomy, through actual references collections and atlas, the taxa are identify and the skeletal elements that are found in the archaeological sites.

The establish index calculus (NISP, MNE, MNI…) allow approximate at the population number of each spices that forms an archaeological groups. The quantification and determination of presence/absence of skeletal parts represent in an archaeological site, allow establish the patrons use of the animals. From this data it is possible realize a first interpretation upon the resources control in the existent environment, as soon as the complexity grade of the hominid groups for obtaining it.

Fauna identification, number and its resources

RECORD	PROBLEMATIC	TECHNIQUES	RESULTS
Faunal group	Which animals?	Taxonomic identification with comparative anatomy atlas and reference collection	Species identification represents in a faunal group
	How many animals? How many resources?	Minimal number of elements (MNE) Number of identify specimens (NISP) Minimal number of individuals (MNI)	Number of members and identify skeletal parts quantification
	How the resources are obtained?	Analysis of representation patterns Ethnoarcheological comparaison	First interpretation of the obtaining resources strategies

Taphonomy

The Taphonomy allows reconstruct the faunal group formation of macro and microvertebrates. Through the methods and taphonomic techniques, the zooarchaeologists can determine the agents that had intervened upon the animals before and after his die.

The binocular lens observations of the faunal remains allow localizes the different existents modifications in his surface. Through the identification of these alterations it realizes reconstructions of anthropic origin actions, like the way of apprehension or slaughter process effectuate on the animals. The documentation of the caused effects by others agents, like carnivorous, roots or water activity, bring information upon the formation process of the archaeological ensembles.

Reconstruction the faunal group from remains

RECORD	PROBLEMATIC	TECHNIQUES	RESULTS
Faunal remains	Faunal group formation	Binocular lens observation and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Microphotography	Human actions estimations and the naturals process that had generated the sample Cut marks. Breakage paterns Carnivorous action Activity of other agents: polish and wash; roots; trampling.